1 00:00:00,720 --> 00:00:11,030 [Music] 2 00:00:18,660 --> 00:00:15,390 hello everyone because I'm coming from a 3 00:00:21,749 --> 00:00:18,670 very different discipline and different 4 00:00:23,400 --> 00:00:21,759 area than the others who have spoken to 5 00:00:26,790 --> 00:00:23,410 you I just wanted to tell you a little 6 00:00:30,230 --> 00:00:26,800 bit about myself and why I'm here and 7 00:00:33,750 --> 00:00:30,240 why I'm speaking to you I have been a 8 00:00:37,740 --> 00:00:33,760 reporter a journalist for quite a few 9 00:00:41,969 --> 00:00:37,750 decades I've written some books I have a 10 00:00:46,049 --> 00:00:41,979 website for NASA and also I was asked to 11 00:00:48,210 --> 00:00:46,059 come here to Elsie to write what I think 12 00:00:51,149 --> 00:00:48,220 is a really fascinating story which is 13 00:00:55,079 --> 00:00:51,159 kind of the origins of a very unique 14 00:00:57,420 --> 00:00:55,089 institution so in that sense just as 15 00:01:00,570 --> 00:00:57,430 these wonderful scientists have been 16 00:01:02,820 --> 00:01:00,580 talking about origins I'm here to also 17 00:01:09,539 --> 00:01:02,830 talk about origins but of a very 18 00:01:12,360 --> 00:01:09,549 different kind so this is me some time 19 00:01:14,370 --> 00:01:12,370 ago in Afghanistan where I was a 20 00:01:17,900 --> 00:01:14,380 reporter for quite a while I was a 21 00:01:21,330 --> 00:01:17,910 foreign correspondent and did a lot of 22 00:01:25,290 --> 00:01:21,340 going around the world and collecting 23 00:01:27,960 --> 00:01:25,300 facts and bringing them back trying to 24 00:01:29,520 --> 00:01:27,970 understand trying to understand what 25 00:01:32,220 --> 00:01:29,530 people were telling me what their 26 00:01:35,930 --> 00:01:32,230 cultures were really saying sometimes it 27 00:01:39,300 --> 00:01:35,940 was just what I saw that was important 28 00:01:44,540 --> 00:01:39,310 and then I would write them as stories 29 00:01:48,090 --> 00:01:44,550 and send them back to the public and 30 00:01:50,399 --> 00:01:48,100 this was wonderful to do you know to 31 00:01:54,090 --> 00:01:50,409 have this kind of wild kind of 32 00:01:56,390 --> 00:01:54,100 experience but about 15 years ago I 33 00:01:59,490 --> 00:01:56,400 started writing about science 34 00:02:03,840 --> 00:01:59,500 particularly about space but also about 35 00:02:08,039 --> 00:02:03,850 science generally uh and fairly quickly 36 00:02:11,759 --> 00:02:08,049 I came to the conclusion that many of 37 00:02:14,180 --> 00:02:11,769 the scientists and journalists share a 38 00:02:19,380 --> 00:02:14,190 very similar way of looking at the world 39 00:02:21,610 --> 00:02:19,390 we go out we collect information we do 40 00:02:25,539 --> 00:02:21,620 experiments of a 41 00:02:28,360 --> 00:02:25,549 our job is to then try to make sense of 42 00:02:31,050 --> 00:02:28,370 that information that we've gotten to 43 00:02:34,059 --> 00:02:31,060 write it into papers or into articles 44 00:02:37,960 --> 00:02:34,069 and to then share it with the world 45 00:02:40,360 --> 00:02:37,970 so it's been both an enormous pleasure 46 00:02:44,500 --> 00:02:40,370 and an honor for me to be part of that 47 00:02:47,740 --> 00:02:44,510 process for scientists who have their 48 00:02:48,130 --> 00:02:47,750 story to tell and I then I'm part of 49 00:02:57,399 --> 00:02:48,140 that 50 00:03:03,729 --> 00:02:57,409 asked to come here to Elsie and I want 51 00:03:07,030 --> 00:03:03,739 to give you a sense of what a unique 52 00:03:09,699 --> 00:03:07,040 organization this is and what a unique 53 00:03:14,640 --> 00:03:09,709 place this is just as a little bit of 54 00:03:18,789 --> 00:03:14,650 history this was the the whole LC idea 55 00:03:21,879 --> 00:03:18,799 and and the campus came as a result of 56 00:03:24,099 --> 00:03:21,889 the world premiere International 57 00:03:29,020 --> 00:03:24,109 Research Center initiative by the 58 00:03:33,069 --> 00:03:29,030 Government of Japan it gave out a huge 59 00:03:37,140 --> 00:03:33,079 amount of money to now I think it's 11 60 00:03:41,680 --> 00:03:37,150 different Institute's with the goal of 61 00:03:44,800 --> 00:03:41,690 kind of jump-starting Japanese science 62 00:03:47,589 --> 00:03:44,810 this is the way was explained to me that 63 00:03:50,770 --> 00:03:47,599 there was perceived maybe 10 years ago 64 00:03:53,740 --> 00:03:50,780 15 years ago to be something of a crisis 65 00:03:56,670 --> 00:03:53,750 in Japanese science I don't know that 66 00:04:04,750 --> 00:03:56,680 this is true but this is the origin of 67 00:04:09,219 --> 00:04:04,760 the WPI and of this initiative LC was 68 00:04:15,219 --> 00:04:09,229 one of the later institutes it came on 69 00:04:18,159 --> 00:04:15,229 board only in in 2012 but it has had 70 00:04:23,230 --> 00:04:18,169 what I believe is just an utterly 71 00:04:26,050 --> 00:04:23,240 remarkable history and and rise if you 72 00:04:28,210 --> 00:04:26,060 had been here 2 years ago there would be 73 00:04:30,909 --> 00:04:28,220 no building here or there would be a 74 00:04:33,129 --> 00:04:30,919 construction site if you were here five 75 00:04:34,629 --> 00:04:33,139 years ago you could not find a 76 00:04:36,369 --> 00:04:34,639 researcher 77 00:04:38,950 --> 00:04:36,379 because they were stuck into kind of 78 00:04:44,679 --> 00:04:38,960 cubby holes in the back there were no 79 00:04:47,469 --> 00:04:44,689 labs now you have this is by no means 80 00:04:51,820 --> 00:04:47,479 all of the people of Elsie but you have 81 00:04:56,399 --> 00:04:51,830 a population here a very thriving 82 00:05:01,480 --> 00:04:56,409 population of scientists of technicians 83 00:05:03,989 --> 00:05:01,490 of incredibly talented administrative 84 00:05:08,230 --> 00:05:03,999 staff that keeps a very complicated 85 00:05:11,260 --> 00:05:08,240 system going and if I might also at this 86 00:05:14,980 --> 00:05:11,270 point give a brief shout out as we say 87 00:05:21,219 --> 00:05:14,990 in the u.s. to my photographer colleague 88 00:05:25,119 --> 00:05:21,229 Nerissa right there who has who has 89 00:05:28,360 --> 00:05:25,129 taken the pictures here and is terrific 90 00:05:30,339 --> 00:05:28,370 and as a further explanation of what 91 00:05:35,230 --> 00:05:30,349 we're doing we're going to be writing 92 00:05:38,519 --> 00:05:35,240 online columns for the and having 93 00:05:41,649 --> 00:05:38,529 photographs for the LC website but also 94 00:05:43,890 --> 00:05:41,659 just because we were gluttons for 95 00:05:47,920 --> 00:05:43,900 punishment we decided we would try to 96 00:05:50,170 --> 00:05:47,930 put together a long narrative into of 97 00:05:54,490 --> 00:05:50,180 the history and the people and the 98 00:05:56,679 --> 00:05:54,500 science of LC into a kind of a book mini 99 00:05:59,589 --> 00:05:56,689 book and to have it available for the 100 00:06:01,179 --> 00:05:59,599 symposium in January if any of you have 101 00:06:03,639 --> 00:06:01,189 been involved in book writing and 102 00:06:05,829 --> 00:06:03,649 publishing you know that is insane but 103 00:06:12,300 --> 00:06:05,839 that's what we're going to do in any 104 00:06:15,639 --> 00:06:12,310 case so this was at a in Aeon gathering 105 00:06:17,260 --> 00:06:15,649 virtually all of the LC related 106 00:06:19,149 --> 00:06:17,270 gathering start with some kind of 107 00:06:21,219 --> 00:06:19,159 photograph like this where they get 108 00:06:25,990 --> 00:06:21,229 everyone together to show that yes we 109 00:06:33,639 --> 00:06:26,000 exist and you'll see that there is a 110 00:06:36,369 --> 00:06:33,649 wide distribution of people the WPI one 111 00:06:39,159 --> 00:06:36,379 of its reasons for being was to bring 112 00:06:43,149 --> 00:06:39,169 international scientists to Japan 113 00:06:47,500 --> 00:06:43,159 that was the goal here at LC more than I 114 00:06:51,100 --> 00:06:47,510 think any Institute other than one 115 00:06:55,930 --> 00:06:51,110 they have succeeded well they have 116 00:07:02,490 --> 00:06:55,940 roughly 60 scientists about half of them 117 00:07:06,370 --> 00:07:02,500 are international the goal also is to be 118 00:07:08,740 --> 00:07:06,380 gender balanced they're not doing quite 119 00:07:10,960 --> 00:07:08,750 as well there but they're trying with 120 00:07:15,400 --> 00:07:10,970 the entire staff we have more than a 121 00:07:18,010 --> 00:07:15,410 hundred people but what makes LCA unique 122 00:07:22,240 --> 00:07:18,020 in addition to the beginnings of what 123 00:07:24,250 --> 00:07:22,250 I've told you is that every week there 124 00:07:29,110 --> 00:07:24,260 are people from around the world coming 125 00:07:32,230 --> 00:07:29,120 here for conferences for workshops to 126 00:07:35,200 --> 00:07:32,240 just collaborate with each other there 127 00:07:39,880 --> 00:07:35,210 there was money made available to do 128 00:07:42,360 --> 00:07:39,890 something right here in Okayama that is 129 00:07:48,340 --> 00:07:42,370 not done anywhere else in the world 130 00:07:53,830 --> 00:07:48,350 Kayla Rosie is the director Pete Hut is 131 00:07:56,350 --> 00:07:53,840 a counselor the two of them were among 132 00:08:00,130 --> 00:07:56,360 the handful of people who were 133 00:08:03,610 --> 00:08:00,140 responsible for the idea that was 134 00:08:11,070 --> 00:08:03,620 brought before the WPI that then became 135 00:08:17,820 --> 00:08:11,080 Elsi Kayla Rosie is a renowned scientist 136 00:08:22,440 --> 00:08:17,830 rural world renowned he has done really 137 00:08:26,290 --> 00:08:22,450 pioneering work on deep earth 138 00:08:30,310 --> 00:08:26,300 observations and he has and and 139 00:08:32,170 --> 00:08:30,320 simulations and he is using various 140 00:08:36,339 --> 00:08:32,180 technologies some of which he has 141 00:08:38,910 --> 00:08:36,349 developed has broken a lot of new ground 142 00:08:43,600 --> 00:08:38,920 in terms of understanding the core of 143 00:08:46,540 --> 00:08:43,610 our earth how the core evolves that's 144 00:08:48,760 --> 00:08:46,550 what he tells me he is his lifetime goal 145 00:08:50,650 --> 00:08:48,770 is to understand better what it's 146 00:08:54,190 --> 00:08:50,660 composed of and how it evolves but 147 00:08:58,630 --> 00:08:54,200 already he's done more work than most 148 00:09:04,389 --> 00:08:58,640 anyone and he was here at Tokyo Tech 149 00:09:08,380 --> 00:09:04,399 Pete is a extremely unusual person he is 150 00:09:11,380 --> 00:09:08,390 brilliant also he was the firt the 151 00:09:14,410 --> 00:09:11,390 youngest professor ever to be hired at 152 00:09:16,509 --> 00:09:14,420 the Institute for Advanced Studies at 153 00:09:20,500 --> 00:09:16,519 Princeton which is the place made famous 154 00:09:22,240 --> 00:09:20,510 by taking in Albert Einstein so we took 155 00:09:24,750 --> 00:09:22,250 an Albert Einstein and then it took in 156 00:09:34,230 --> 00:09:30,600 he is very unconventional thinking he 157 00:09:38,230 --> 00:09:34,240 his background is as an astrophysicist 158 00:09:40,930 --> 00:09:38,240 working with dense stellar systems I 159 00:09:45,990 --> 00:09:40,940 don't really know what that is but I'm 160 00:09:51,040 --> 00:09:46,000 sure it's very important and but after 161 00:09:53,310 --> 00:09:51,050 only maybe a decade or so at ILS he got 162 00:09:57,370 --> 00:09:53,320 interested in philosophy and 163 00:10:00,819 --> 00:09:57,380 paleontology in mathematics and he just 164 00:10:03,730 --> 00:10:00,829 has the kind of mind that you know 165 00:10:09,220 --> 00:10:03,740 cannot be hemmed in cannot be bordered 166 00:10:10,900 --> 00:10:09,230 and so he and he knows virtually 167 00:10:14,440 --> 00:10:10,910 everyone in the world I mean he has a 168 00:10:18,819 --> 00:10:14,450 connection to everyone and if he doesn't 169 00:10:22,030 --> 00:10:18,829 now he will soon and he was responsible 170 00:10:25,150 --> 00:10:22,040 for bringing an awful lot of people KLC 171 00:10:27,340 --> 00:10:25,160 kay was responsible for attracting a lot 172 00:10:30,010 --> 00:10:27,350 of people to Elsi because of his great 173 00:10:33,579 --> 00:10:30,020 scientific background his but you have 174 00:10:38,110 --> 00:10:33,589 two men there with terrific pedigrees 175 00:10:43,180 --> 00:10:38,120 and that's part of how and why this 176 00:10:52,990 --> 00:10:43,190 place has prospered it also is a place 177 00:10:57,910 --> 00:10:53,000 that again by WPI a priority is all 178 00:11:00,189 --> 00:10:57,920 about collaboration many scientists and 179 00:11:04,389 --> 00:11:00,199 I was told here that this this was 180 00:11:08,139 --> 00:11:04,399 particularly the case in Japan focus 181 00:11:10,600 --> 00:11:08,149 very very very well on their subject and 182 00:11:11,620 --> 00:11:10,610 they go very deeply into the subject and 183 00:11:16,420 --> 00:11:11,630 often come up 184 00:11:18,639 --> 00:11:16,430 with important discoveries but science 185 00:11:21,329 --> 00:11:18,649 tends to be going now in the direction 186 00:11:24,180 --> 00:11:21,339 of people collaborating together 187 00:11:29,410 --> 00:11:24,190 bringing together different disciplines 188 00:11:32,290 --> 00:11:29,420 so that you know a microbiologist might 189 00:11:35,230 --> 00:11:32,300 have things that they could add to what 190 00:11:38,110 --> 00:11:35,240 a geochemist or a even though physicist 191 00:11:40,780 --> 00:11:38,120 is saying and put it together and you 192 00:11:43,569 --> 00:11:40,790 have a lot more understanding than you 193 00:11:47,769 --> 00:11:43,579 might have with just one person doing 194 00:11:51,999 --> 00:11:47,779 that and one field so just about any 195 00:11:55,139 --> 00:11:52,009 time you come to LC during the work day 196 00:11:59,499 --> 00:11:55,149 there are people meeting like this 197 00:12:03,519 --> 00:11:59,509 poring over data it's kind of 198 00:12:05,230 --> 00:12:03,529 exhilarating to watch so many grown-ups 199 00:12:13,480 --> 00:12:05,240 being that excited about these things 200 00:12:17,889 --> 00:12:13,490 and there you go one of the things about 201 00:12:22,300 --> 00:12:17,899 LC also yes is that it's not the people 202 00:12:25,059 --> 00:12:22,310 here are not afraid to have fun this 203 00:12:29,530 --> 00:12:25,069 this is arena mama-jama off was one of 204 00:12:33,280 --> 00:12:29,540 the PI's here and she is doing really 205 00:12:34,629 --> 00:12:33,290 really cutting-edge work in in I don't 206 00:12:40,120 --> 00:12:34,639 know what it would be called systems 207 00:12:42,639 --> 00:12:40,130 biology chemistry she I think both Jim 208 00:12:45,879 --> 00:12:42,649 and Shawn were talking to some extent 209 00:12:53,350 --> 00:12:45,889 about different theories about how life 210 00:12:55,210 --> 00:12:53,360 began and she working with other people 211 00:12:56,650 --> 00:12:55,220 and then also you know with the 212 00:12:58,720 --> 00:12:56,660 experience that other people have had 213 00:13:01,600 --> 00:12:58,730 but she is really moved forward with the 214 00:13:05,949 --> 00:13:01,610 idea of messy chemistry this is the name 215 00:13:09,460 --> 00:13:05,959 messy chemistry they're famously was an 216 00:13:15,100 --> 00:13:09,470 experiment done in 1952 the miller-urey 217 00:13:20,079 --> 00:13:15,110 experiment it was the one of the first 218 00:13:22,449 --> 00:13:20,089 times that gases believed at that point 219 00:13:24,620 --> 00:13:22,459 to have been present on earth 220 00:13:28,120 --> 00:13:24,630 back in the early earth time 221 00:13:32,569 --> 00:13:28,130 along with some water were charged with 222 00:13:37,309 --> 00:13:32,579 electricity and lo and behold some hours 223 00:13:40,129 --> 00:13:37,319 later they found well what they found 224 00:13:42,439 --> 00:13:40,139 was a beaker full of gunk now it's 225 00:13:44,949 --> 00:13:42,449 called basically called tar but then 226 00:13:47,660 --> 00:13:44,959 they they worked with it and they found 227 00:13:49,840 --> 00:13:47,670 amino acids which are and I think 228 00:13:53,329 --> 00:13:49,850 nucleotides which are very important 229 00:13:55,490 --> 00:13:53,339 precursors to to life or to you know 230 00:13:58,519 --> 00:13:55,500 building blocks for life 231 00:14:01,370 --> 00:13:58,529 and the tar that was around the beaker 232 00:14:05,809 --> 00:14:01,380 was always considered to be like hmm a 233 00:14:08,210 --> 00:14:05,819 problem you know a lot of chemists are 234 00:14:10,069 --> 00:14:08,220 artificial or synthetic chemists will 235 00:14:11,629 --> 00:14:10,079 talk about you know how they did this 236 00:14:13,699 --> 00:14:11,639 experiment through that experiment and 237 00:14:14,749 --> 00:14:13,709 they got tar at the end and it was like 238 00:14:19,819 --> 00:14:14,759 oh that's terrible 239 00:14:21,290 --> 00:14:19,829 she says tar that's great it's it's a 240 00:14:25,059 --> 00:14:21,300 kind of a new way of looking at 241 00:14:28,790 --> 00:14:25,069 chemistry and it's very complicated and 242 00:14:32,900 --> 00:14:28,800 there is no as there is with any of 243 00:14:36,110 --> 00:14:32,910 these fields there's no sure sense that 244 00:14:38,389 --> 00:14:36,120 it will bear fruit but it seems to be it 245 00:14:41,569 --> 00:14:38,399 seems to be productive and it's one of 246 00:14:44,749 --> 00:14:41,579 the things that LC is now known for I 247 00:14:49,370 --> 00:14:44,759 was at a conference in in Arizona a 248 00:14:53,900 --> 00:14:49,380 large international conference on Origin 249 00:14:57,980 --> 00:14:53,910 on astrobiology and arena not wearing 250 00:15:01,069 --> 00:14:57,990 this shirt was one of the main speakers 251 00:15:04,519 --> 00:15:01,079 one of the one of the plenaries so this 252 00:15:07,100 --> 00:15:04,529 is just my way of saying that that LC in 253 00:15:07,850 --> 00:15:07,110 a very very short time when all things 254 00:15:09,889 --> 00:15:07,860 considered 255 00:15:11,660 --> 00:15:09,899 especially since other people have been 256 00:15:15,710 --> 00:15:11,670 talking about billions of years this is 257 00:15:17,660 --> 00:15:15,720 you know a couple years the origins here 258 00:15:21,379 --> 00:15:17,670 they're creating something that really 259 00:15:29,329 --> 00:15:21,389 has interesting roots and and fruit 260 00:15:31,280 --> 00:15:29,339 already we know is one of the I think he 261 00:15:35,750 --> 00:15:31,290 was here at the beginning of LC he's 262 00:15:37,820 --> 00:15:35,760 also a professor at Tokyo Tech he has 263 00:15:40,520 --> 00:15:37,830 collaborated with many men 264 00:15:46,280 --> 00:15:40,530 people here again collaboration is the 265 00:15:50,630 --> 00:15:46,290 name of the game and he is a now a Geo 266 00:15:52,820 --> 00:15:50,640 bio chemist I think he started off as a 267 00:15:54,940 --> 00:15:52,830 geologist but it gradually did more and 268 00:15:59,450 --> 00:15:54,950 more things and so it became a Geo 269 00:16:03,100 --> 00:15:59,460 biochemist and one of the important 270 00:16:07,580 --> 00:16:03,110 things that he did about 10 15 years ago 271 00:16:11,780 --> 00:16:07,590 he was down in the Pilbara section of 272 00:16:14,660 --> 00:16:11,790 Australia which is known for to have 273 00:16:20,330 --> 00:16:14,670 some of the most ancient rocks on earth 274 00:16:22,250 --> 00:16:20,340 and he and and the team that he was with 275 00:16:25,040 --> 00:16:22,260 you know we're chopping chopping and 276 00:16:30,790 --> 00:16:25,050 they took away you know tongue sword in 277 00:16:34,490 --> 00:16:30,800 case many samples of of rock and I 278 00:16:38,300 --> 00:16:34,500 because of how and where this rock was 279 00:16:41,000 --> 00:16:38,310 deposited we know thought that this 280 00:16:43,190 --> 00:16:41,010 could be a really interesting sample and 281 00:16:45,530 --> 00:16:43,200 so they did the what would have called 282 00:16:50,930 --> 00:16:45,540 the thin thin slices thin cuts of the 283 00:16:54,230 --> 00:16:50,940 rock and this as it turns out is a 284 00:16:58,640 --> 00:16:54,240 bubble of methane that was in Iraq that 285 00:17:03,890 --> 00:16:58,650 was 3.4 billion years old which meant 286 00:17:06,350 --> 00:17:03,900 that you know you had either methane in 287 00:17:08,540 --> 00:17:06,360 the atmosphere or perhaps some creature 288 00:17:11,420 --> 00:17:08,550 creating methane I mean because that's 289 00:17:16,150 --> 00:17:11,430 happened a great deal at that point but 290 00:17:19,610 --> 00:17:16,160 this was a discovery or an experiment a 291 00:17:27,260 --> 00:17:19,620 process that got a lot of attention got 292 00:17:28,910 --> 00:17:27,270 a major nature journal article and all 293 00:17:31,730 --> 00:17:28,920 right that was sitting there it turns 294 00:17:34,760 --> 00:17:31,740 out that that we know is also the 295 00:17:38,110 --> 00:17:34,770 director of a rock library you probably 296 00:17:41,270 --> 00:17:38,120 didn't know that there is a wonderful 297 00:17:44,300 --> 00:17:41,280 large rock library here on campus one of 298 00:17:47,620 --> 00:17:44,310 the biggest in the world and they have 299 00:17:50,700 --> 00:17:47,630 samples from most of the significant 300 00:17:55,320 --> 00:17:50,710 early early Earth sites 301 00:17:58,010 --> 00:17:55,330 and then because this is LT and Shana 302 00:18:04,220 --> 00:17:58,020 I'm sorry about this wide angle lair 303 00:18:11,720 --> 00:18:06,630 you troll and Shaun have been 304 00:18:15,210 --> 00:18:11,730 collaborating together using that sample 305 00:18:18,269 --> 00:18:15,220 Shaun wants to and he could no doubt 306 00:18:24,330 --> 00:18:18,279 explain it better but he's he's using it 307 00:18:27,740 --> 00:18:24,340 to examine sulfur sulfur isotopes going 308 00:18:31,380 --> 00:18:27,750 way way back and trying to find a a 309 00:18:34,139 --> 00:18:31,390 process by which you can you can date 310 00:18:37,889 --> 00:18:34,149 and you can and you could watch the 311 00:18:41,310 --> 00:18:37,899 evolution of potentially microscopic 312 00:18:46,430 --> 00:18:41,320 life in Rock by looking at the sulfur 313 00:18:58,200 --> 00:18:54,360 okay I succeeded but in any case it'll 314 00:19:03,210 --> 00:18:58,210 be right by the time I write it but it 315 00:19:06,840 --> 00:19:03,220 is it it is that collaboration is an 316 00:19:10,220 --> 00:19:06,850 example of what LC is all about is to 317 00:19:15,600 --> 00:19:10,230 take knowledge from one set of 318 00:19:22,139 --> 00:19:19,860 this is hot magma hot magma when when 319 00:19:24,539 --> 00:19:22,149 when I was told that another initiative 320 00:19:26,639 --> 00:19:24,549 here is the magma ocean I thought that 321 00:19:29,669 --> 00:19:26,649 is so cool I mean I was not aware that 322 00:19:33,320 --> 00:19:29,679 there had been a magma ocean but that 323 00:19:39,810 --> 00:19:33,330 was my lack of knowledge but at the very 324 00:19:43,279 --> 00:19:39,820 earliest times of Earth's history hot 325 00:19:48,980 --> 00:19:43,289 molten rock covered much of the globe 326 00:19:54,029 --> 00:19:48,990 and and and perhaps went way deep and 327 00:19:56,430 --> 00:19:54,039 how how the dynamics of that and the the 328 00:19:58,799 --> 00:19:56,440 heat and the composition of that are 329 00:20:01,620 --> 00:19:58,809 subject of a great deal of study 330 00:20:03,959 --> 00:20:01,630 particularly here at LC magma ocean is 331 00:20:08,399 --> 00:20:03,969 also another priority here 332 00:20:11,519 --> 00:20:08,409 and working with K and John Harland and 333 00:20:15,329 --> 00:20:11,529 others they have they've been making a 334 00:20:17,759 --> 00:20:15,339 lot of progress about what the magma 335 00:20:20,399 --> 00:20:17,769 ocean on earth might have been like and 336 00:20:25,409 --> 00:20:20,409 then also what the implications of that 337 00:20:27,029 --> 00:20:25,419 could be also working on this is Keiko 338 00:20:29,479 --> 00:20:27,039 Hammond Oh whoo I think you had the 339 00:20:33,869 --> 00:20:29,489 pleasure of hearing from this morning 340 00:20:36,689 --> 00:20:33,879 she also had a paper in nature a couple 341 00:20:41,329 --> 00:20:36,699 years ago maybe where she was talking 342 00:20:45,209 --> 00:20:41,339 about the magma ocean and extrapolating 343 00:20:48,389 --> 00:20:45,219 from the knowledge that we have of how 344 00:20:52,589 --> 00:20:48,399 the magma ocean on Venus might have made 345 00:20:55,469 --> 00:20:52,599 that planet into the you know the hot 346 00:20:57,209 --> 00:20:55,479 cauldron that it is and she's saying 347 00:20:59,579 --> 00:20:57,219 that it's possible that the magma ocean 348 00:21:02,159 --> 00:20:59,589 there instead of lasting millions of 349 00:21:05,579 --> 00:21:02,169 years could have lasted 3.5 billion 350 00:21:09,299 --> 00:21:05,589 years and again thus making it what it 351 00:21:11,909 --> 00:21:09,309 is the several years ago there was a 352 00:21:15,779 --> 00:21:11,919 perception here that they needed more 353 00:21:19,949 --> 00:21:15,789 scientists to be to be here 354 00:21:24,809 --> 00:21:19,959 to kind of get juices going Pete Hutt 355 00:21:27,329 --> 00:21:24,819 was instrumental in getting a grant from 356 00:21:29,369 --> 00:21:27,339 the Templeton Foundation several of the 357 00:21:32,629 --> 00:21:29,379 people who spoke today are part of the 358 00:21:36,779 --> 00:21:32,639 EON program LCA origins network program 359 00:21:40,049 --> 00:21:36,789 it brings people and I think it started 360 00:21:43,289 --> 00:21:40,059 as 10 now it's maybe up to 13 scientists 361 00:21:44,909 --> 00:21:43,299 from around the world they kind of have 362 00:21:47,249 --> 00:21:44,919 these schizophrenic lives where they 363 00:21:49,439 --> 00:21:47,259 spend six months here and 6 months back 364 00:21:52,319 --> 00:21:49,449 from you know back at where they are 365 00:21:55,469 --> 00:21:52,329 from and it has been just an enormous 366 00:21:57,809 --> 00:21:55,479 success in terms of spreading the word 367 00:22:02,339 --> 00:21:57,819 about LC but also bringing in a great 368 00:22:04,409 --> 00:22:02,349 deal of collaboration and I will leave 369 00:22:07,379 --> 00:22:04,419 this to Nikolas to talk about how 370 00:22:10,799 --> 00:22:07,389 there's a lot of computational work 371 00:22:15,499 --> 00:22:10,809 that's going on here like the messy 372 00:22:17,520 --> 00:22:15,509 chemistry I was referring to that has a 373 00:22:20,550 --> 00:22:17,530 computational side to it that is 374 00:22:22,950 --> 00:22:20,560 really interesting order of life I was 375 00:22:25,820 --> 00:22:22,960 just looking online and saw that there 376 00:22:28,290 --> 00:22:25,830 were a million plus hits for just this 377 00:22:32,190 --> 00:22:28,300 the origin of life hasn't necessarily 378 00:22:36,210 --> 00:22:32,200 been like a hot subject in the past but 379 00:22:38,630 --> 00:22:36,220 I think it's time is coming I hope and 380 00:22:40,950 --> 00:22:38,640 [Applause] 381 00:22:44,160 --> 00:22:40,960 Elizabeth was talking about exoplanets 382 00:22:47,310 --> 00:22:44,170 you should also just know that part of 383 00:22:49,140 --> 00:22:47,320 the Elsi mission of understanding the 384 00:22:51,390 --> 00:22:49,150 origin of the earth and the origin of 385 00:22:54,300 --> 00:22:51,400 life is also trying to understand 386 00:22:58,580 --> 00:22:54,310 aspects of exoplanet origins and 387 00:23:04,550 --> 00:22:58,590 potential life so it's quite broad and 388 00:23:08,400 --> 00:23:04,560 I'll end on this um the Hayabusa mission 389 00:23:11,970 --> 00:23:08,410 was really a remarkable experience and 390 00:23:14,840 --> 00:23:11,980 success and I don't exactly know how to 391 00:23:18,450 --> 00:23:14,850 describe this or how to explain this but 392 00:23:21,930 --> 00:23:18,460 mning that is little known in the United 393 00:23:25,200 --> 00:23:21,940 States both the incredible ingenuity 394 00:23:26,730 --> 00:23:25,210 that the that the engineers used and 395 00:23:29,310 --> 00:23:26,740 then also the fact that they actually 396 00:23:31,560 --> 00:23:29,320 brought back dust grains and that 397 00:23:35,040 --> 00:23:31,570 there's a second Hayabusa that's going 398 00:23:38,010 --> 00:23:35,050 to a different asteroid and this brings 399 00:23:42,600 --> 00:23:38,020 me to kind of my final thought about 400 00:23:46,080 --> 00:23:42,610 Elsi and for the students among you this 401 00:23:49,640 --> 00:23:46,090 is totally unfair but the world of 402 00:23:53,760 --> 00:23:49,650 science is largely done in English 403 00:23:56,640 --> 00:23:53,770 totally unfair why is Hayabusa not known 404 00:23:59,220 --> 00:23:56,650 much in the United States and elsewhere 405 00:24:02,490 --> 00:23:59,230 but most of the coverage was in Japanese 406 00:24:05,520 --> 00:24:02,500 I apologize for that but that's the way 407 00:24:08,700 --> 00:24:05,530 it is and one of the things that LC 408 00:24:12,690 --> 00:24:08,710 mandates is that everything be done in 409 00:24:15,240 --> 00:24:12,700 English and that's almost the case so 410 00:24:16,800 --> 00:24:15,250 for the for any of you who are students 411 00:24:20,070 --> 00:24:16,810 and are interested in going into these 412 00:24:22,230 --> 00:24:20,080 kinds of fields study as well as your 413 00:24:23,920 --> 00:24:22,240 chemistry study your English your spoken 414 00:24:28,920 --> 00:24:23,930 English thank you 415 00:24:28,930 --> 00:25:00,390 [Music]